Wildfire smoke is teeming with them. Researchers have employed them to develop energy-dense biofuels like rocket, marine, and jet fuels. Scientists have engineered rice paddies that interact ...

Bacterial chemotaxis requires bidirectional flagellar rotation at different rates. Rotation is driven by a flagellar motor, which is a supercomplex containing multiple rings. Architectural uncertainty ...

Cows are famous for belching methane, a heat-trapping gas that’s contributing to climate change. A single animal can burp 220 pounds of the gas in just one year. What’s more, methane is 28 times more ...

Soil microorganisms play pivotal roles in driving essential biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems, and they are sensitive to heavy metal pollution. However, our understanding of multiple ...