There is little official guidance on using cannabis after surgery. Research on the effects of cannabis on surgery, anesthesia, and surgical recovery lags behind its use. For this reason, most surgeons ...

Open-heart surgery can lead to long-term side effects such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which can affect people months after surgery, but usually improves within a year. Some people ...

Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is one of the most common side effects after open-heart surgery, often caused by mucus buildup, collapsed airways (atelectasis), or fluid between the lung layers (pleural ...

The effects of general anesthesia or other surgery-related factors can sometimes trigger heartburn in the hours after the operation, but medication can usually ease discomfort. Common complications ...